In this study of medieval painting in the 13th century, Jaroslav Folda ’62 discusses the transformation of the Virgin as the human mother of God, the Theotokos in Byzantine icons, to the resplendent Madonna radiant with chrysography and enthroned with Christ and the angels as Queen of Heaven. Folda explores how crusader artists appropriated Byzantine imagery of the Virgin and Child and disseminated those images westward to influence Italian painters.
