As an amateur (very amateur) biblical scholar, I have long been intrigued with Professor Peter Schaefer, emeritus at Princeton. He has done what scholars, whether Christian or Jewish or otherwise, have tried to do in the face of a general unwillingness over many centuries to entertain the closeness of Christian and Jewish religious ideas. Everyone thinks or wants to think that Christian beliefs about God and Jesus were always totally anathema to Jews and Judaism. Jews protected themselves with such a stance and Christians could still harbor their lack of sympathy for a Judaism which rejected every notion about the role of Jesus as a Jew. Schaefer has fearlessly refused both these positions; with his knowledge of Jewish mysticism and the Talmud he has been able to show that despite their political and social distances, these two biblical religions are closer in belief than we have thought.

So what? Well, the fly in the ointment is Paul of Tarsus. Paul was never able fully to accept the Judaism in which he was educated or fully to reject it. In most of his letters he combined, in very contradictory ways, both a Jewish religious soul and a position at the foundation of Christian anti-Semitism. Paul can be all things to all men but Jews particularly have been put off by him, as have pro-Nazi German biblical scholars -- which demonstrates how hard it is to understand Paul and to find value in him. Professor Schaefer does it best, or better so far than anyone else.

The only other place to find a reconciliation of Jewish and Christian ideas and beliefs is, believe it or not, in Islam. Islam took the Jewish idea of God and obedience to God, accepted Jesus as the Last Prophet before the final one, Mohammed, and created a religion more universal than rabbinic Judaism and one purged of multiple deities and heavenly beings. If Christianity is Judaism for all peoples, not just the Jews, then Islam has a claim to be a more purified biblical religion than either of the other two. I do not say this as a partisan of Islam, and I wonder what Schaefer would say here.

Norman Ravitch *62
Savannah, Ga.