1941: Fighting the Shadow War, a Divided America in a World at War

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By Marc Wortman *87

Published May 3, 2016

1941: Fighting the Shadow War, a Divided America in a World at War explores the little-known history of America’s clandestine involvement in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor. Mark Wortman *87 explains how before that day, America had been involved in a shadow war, with Franklin Delano Roosevelt concocting ingenious ways to come to England’s aid without breaking the Neutrality Acts.

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PAW's July/August 2025 issue cover, featuring a photo of people dressed in orange and black, marching in the P-rade, and the headline: Reunions, Back in Orange & Black.
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On the cover: Wilton Virgo ’00 and his classmates celebrate during the P-rade.