Scorched Earth: Environmental Warfare as a Crime against Humanity and Nature

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By Emmanuel Kreike, professor of history

Published April 26, 2021

Scorched Earth makes the case that international law should treat environmental destruction due to warfare, known as “ecocide,” as a human-rights violation. Through his 16th- to 20th-century global history, Kreike documents how military forces have strategically targeted the environment as a means of displacing people from their home or causing famine and disease in this total-war strategy. As Kreike unfolds the horrible ecocides of the past, he also reminds readers that these human-rights atrocities are still present today. 

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PAW's July/August 2025 issue cover, featuring a photo of people dressed in orange and black, marching in the P-rade, and the headline: Reunions, Back in Orange & Black.
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On the cover: Wilton Virgo ’00 and his classmates celebrate during the P-rade.