Stages of European Romanticism: Cultural Synchronicity Across the Arts, 1798-1848

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By Theodore Ziolkowski

Published Jan. 16, 2020

Romanticism was not a monolithic phenomenon — it progressed in stages throughout the first half of the 19th century. Stages of European Romanticism (Camden House) examines this progression by picking six years within the movement and comparing artworks produced across Europe within them, analyzing how the movement’s shifts were reflected throughout the continent in different media.

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PAW’s December 2025 cover, with a photo of Michael Park ’98.
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